1: Hum Immunol. 2000 Nov;61(11):1132-7. 

The X1 box of HLA-G promoter is a target site for RFX and Sp1 factors.

Rousseau P, Paul P, O'Brien M, Dausset J, Carosella ED, Moreau P.

CEA, Service de Recherche en Hemato-Immunologie, DSV/DRM, Hopital Saint-Louis,
Institut d'Hematologie, Paris, France.

HLA-G gene regulation was investigated with regards to homologies among the
pathways regulating both classical MHC class I and MHC class II gene expression.
They include four conserved cis-acting regulatory elements located in the
proximal promoter region referred to as the W/S/Z box, the X box that is
comprised of the X1 and X2 halves, and the Y box with an inverted CCAAT site.
The X1 box is the binding site for the ubiquitous RFX complex consisting of
three subunits; the X2 box is bound by the X2BP/ATF/CREB family factors. The
basic S-X-Y regulatory module interacts with CIITA, which is expressed
constitutively in APCs, but may be inducible in others cell types by IFN-gamma.
Within HLA-G gene promoter the only conserved motifs are S and X1 boxes. We thus
investigated the binding capacity of the HLA-G X box in comparison to that of
HLA-DRA and HLA-E. We demonstrate that X2 box mutations in HLA-G promoter affect
the binding of ATF/CREB family factors and may privilege the X2 box to access by
other shared factors. The X1 box is the target for RFX complex and an additional
factor we identified as Sp1. We propose that the X region in the HLA-G gene
promoter might participate to the combination of factors which play a role in
HLA-G gene activation.

PMID: 11137218 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]


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2: Biochim Biophys Acta. 1996 Mar 1;1305(3):151-62. 

Structural organization and chromosomal localization of the human ribosomal
protein L9 gene.

Mazuruk K, Schoen TJ, Chader GJ, Iwata T, Rodriguez IR.

Laboratory of Retinal Cell and Molecular Biology, National Eye Institute,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.

The intron-containing gene for the human ribosomal protein L9 has been cloned,
sequenced and localized. The gene is approximately 5.5 kb in length and contains
8 exons. Splice sites follow the AG/GT consensus rule. The message for human
rpL9 is 712 nt in length and is detected in all tissues examined. In the adult,
expression is highest in retina and liver while brain shows highest expression
among the fetal tissues tested. The transcription start site contains an
oligopyrimidine tract, TTCTTTCTT, similar to those found in other ribosomal
protein genes. As in other previously characterized ribosomal protein genes, a
TATA box is absent from the 5' flanking region but a number of elements
recognized by common transcription factors are present including Sp1 sites,
CACCC boxes, inverted CCAAT boxes, and GATA elements. Another possible element
of interest in the rpL9 5' flanking region is RFX1 also found in the well
characterized rat rpL30 promoter. The gene was mapped by fluorescent in situ
hybridization to band 13p of chromosome 4. At least 8 possible pseudogenes are
present in the human genome, one of which is on Xp. As assessed by Southern
'Zoo-blot' analysis and direct cDNA sequence comparison, the human ribosomal
protein L9 gene, like other ribosomal protein genes, is highly conserved among
mammals.

PMID: 8597601 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]


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